A method for evaluating the longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system and its application in China     

Yeling Liu  Baoshan Cui  Jizeng Du  Qing Wang  Shuling Yu  Wei Yang 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5278-5297

The longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system (RLMS) refers to the actual water-mediated transport of material from upstream to downstream areas along a spatial gradient and is fundamental to understand hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. However, due to a lack of consensus on appropriate data and methods, the quantification of connectivity is still a challenge, especially at the catchment scale. We developed a new method to evaluate longitudinal functional connectivity based on fluxes of materials (water, sediment, and chemicals) along a RLMS. The calculation of fluxes is based on the longitudinal pattern of terrain gradient, which influences transport efficiency, and on contributions from hillslopes, which set the initial spatial template of material loading to the RLMS. We evaluate the contributions from hillslopes to RLMS based on a new modified version of the index of sediment connectivity (IC) proposed by Borselli et al. (2008) and revised by Chartin et al. (2017).We applied this method to the Baiyangdian Basin covering an area of 3.4 × 10⁴ km² in China and quantified longitudinal functional connectivity during normal, wet, and dry periods(April, July and December) in year 2016. We found that areas with good structural connectivity exhibited poor functional connectivity during the normal and dry periods. Modelling testing with discharge data from hydrological stations and measured chemicals from Baiyangdian Lake was satisfactory in test periods. We conclude that public data and Digital Elevation Model-derived information can be used to reliably map the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs. The proposed method provides a useful tool for monitoring and restoring the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs and our results indicate that efforts aimed at restoring functional connectivity in RLMSs should take into account landscape patterns that can greatly influence fluxes in the watershed.  相似文献   

地震信息网络数据的动态存储方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

龚明明  叶伦强 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):1043-1048

为了提高地震信息网络数据存储的效率和稳定性,本文提出一种地震信息网络数据的动态储存方法。首先,设计和分析地震信息网络数据的动态存储系统中的硬件部分,基于Hadoop的分布式集群大数据动态存储系统,整合多台存储服务器,为一个集群系统,并平衡存储服务器负载情况,获取性能指标的比例值,通过加权公式获取综合性能参数,根据综合负载指标和服务器综合指标参数获取最佳存储服务器。对本文系统、高速数据存储系统和网络编码云存储系统进行大数据动态存储对比实验。实验结果表明:地震信息网络数据的动态存储耗时最短,存储效率最快;具有较高存储稳定性,且不会出现过载问题。  相似文献   

基于GIS的白龙江流域舟曲—武都段的滑坡危险性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘杰  武震 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1723-1734

本研究以围绕着白龙江流域的甘肃省南部的宕昌县、舟曲县和武都区部分地区为研究区，根据全国滑坡编目中得到的272个历史滑坡数据以及选取的高程、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、降雨、岩性、距道路距离和距河流距离10种影响因子，利用三种具有代表性的定量方法：信息量模型、以及基于频率比模型的逻辑回归模型和人工神经网络模型对研究区内滑坡灾害危险性进行评价。三种评价结果均显示研究区内滑坡灾害的极高和高危险区主要沿白龙江河谷地区呈带状分布。从危险性分区图可看出，人工神经网络模型得到的分区图较为合理，既表现出沿河谷地区集中分布的趋势，也呈现出对滑坡历史数据较为独立的特征，这一研究结果与前人研究结果一致。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）对三种模型的精度进行检验，检验得到的AUC值分别为0.818、0.829和0.837，说明三种评价结果均具有较高的可靠性，基于频率比模型的人工神经网络模型相比其他两个模型具有更好的评价精度，能更好地进行滑坡危险性的预测和评价，其中高程、降雨、岩性以及距道路距离对评价结果影响更大，这四种影响因子重要性值占比为52.1%。为该地区的城市扩建与灾害预防预测提供了参考。  相似文献   

徕卡激光雷达技术在铁路全生命周期中的应用     

李海亮 《测绘通报》2020,(10):160-163

为了将激光雷达技术应用到铁路全生命周期中，充分发挥激光雷达技术的优势，本文以徕卡公司相关激光雷达产品为例，系统分析了不同类型的激光雷达的特点和铁路工程不同阶段的测量要求，总结了激光技术在铁路全生命周期中的应用方法。通过典型工程应用分析表明，激光雷达技术可显著提高铁路工程测量的效率和质量，具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

综合管线管理信息系统的设计与开发     

刘彩玲  王崇倡 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):153-155,159

设计与开发的城市综合管线管理信息系统采用C#为开发语言,Visual Studio为开发工具,是以ArcEngine组件为基础开发的地下管线管理信息系统。本系统设计主要的研究内容为:对地下管线管理系统进行需求分析,地下管线系统的总体设计,包括系统的数据库设计和功能设计,编程实现了管线系统的用户管理子功能以及管线浏览、管线查询、管线编辑、管线分析的爆管分析等功能。基本满足城市地下综合管线统一管理的要求,对于提高城市地下管线信息的利用以及保障管线正常稳定运行都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

多时相Landsat影像的平原河网区不透水面信息提取方法与应用     

周峰  廖钰冰  李娜 《测绘通报》2020,(1):94

不透水面是衡量城市生态环境的重要指标，针对平原河网区不透水面与水体、裸土等地物较难区分的问题，以苏北里下河平原快速城镇化区为研究对象，利用多时相Landsat影像为数据源，基于像元光谱特征及其季节性变化分析，构建了基于时序NDWI、NDVI和NDBI的决策树模型，并利用GIS空间分析技术对不透水面的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：多时相光谱信息可有效改善水体、裸土和稀疏植被等像元与不透水面的混分，2005年和2016年的不透水面分类总体精度和Kappa系数均在0.85以上，合理反映了不透水面以向东和向南扩张为主的趋势特征，年均扩张速度约为6.7 km²。研究成果为该区城镇化下的生态环境效应研究提供数据基础，同时可为其他平原河网区不透水面信息提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

志愿者民航客机夜光遥感方法与数据验证     

宿瑞博  汪驰升  王永全  唐倩迪 《测绘通报》2020,(4):87

夜光遥感是遥感技术一个活跃的分支，能够反映人类社会活动的痕迹。在城市监测、经济参数评估、重大事件评估等方面有着独特的优势。近年来夜光数据的应用不断拓展，这对传统的卫星夜光遥感数据提出了更高的要求。本文基于大众遥感、志愿者遥感理念，提出了一种夜光遥感数据获取的新方法——民航客机遥感（PARS）。以长沙市为研究区域获取PARS夜光遥感影像，并将所得数据与传统卫星遥感数据作对比。结果表明，PARS捕获的夜光遥感数据在分辨率、波段及时效性上比传统方式表现得更为优秀，是一种低成本、灵活及多样化的遥感数据获取方式，具有很大的发展潜力。  相似文献   

Satellite image analysis using crowdsourcing data for collaborative mapping: current and opportunities     

Wei Su  Xiaodong Zhang 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(6):645-660

ABSTRACT

Researchers are continually finding new applications of satellite images because of the growing number of high-resolution images with wide spatial coverage. However, the cost of these images is sometimes high, and their temporal resolution is relatively coarse. Crowdsourcing is an increasingly common source of data that takes advantage of local stakeholder knowledge and that provides a higher frequency of data. The complementarity of these two data sources suggests there is great potential for mutually beneficial integration. Unfortunately, there are still important gaps in crowdsourced satellite image analysis by means of crowdsourcing in areas such as land cover classification and emergency management. In this paper, we summarize recent efforts, and discuss the challenges and prospects of satellite image analysis for geospatial applications using crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing can be used to improve satellite image analysis and satellite images can be used to organize crowdsourced efforts for collaborative mapping.  相似文献   

Nonlinear dynamic tests of a reinforced concrete frame building at different damage levels     

Seyedsina Yousefianmoghadam  Mingming Song  Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadi  Brittany Packard  Andreas Stavridis  Babak Moaveni  Richard L. Wood 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(9):924-945

This paper discusses the dynamic tests of a two-story infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame building using an eccentric-mass shaker. The building, located in El Centro, CA, was substantially damaged prior to the tests due to the seismic activity in the area. During the testing sequence, five infill walls were removed to introduce additional damage states and to investigate the changes in the dynamic properties and the nonlinear response of the building to the induced excitations. The accelerations and displacements of the structure under the forced and ambient vibrations were recorded through an array of sensors, while lidar scans were obtained to document the damage. The test data provide insight into the nonlinear response of an actual building and the change of its resonant frequencies and operational shapes due to varying damage levels and changes of the excitation amplitude, frequency, and orientation.  相似文献   

数字正射影像结合LiDAR数据在山区测绘中的应用     

严慧敏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):115-119

随着信息化社会的到来，现代水利测绘已经由传统测绘向信息化测绘发展，无人机技术应用于测绘行业推进了信息化测绘进程。本文探讨了如何有效利用无人机技术解决测绘领域在山区遇到的问题。固定翼无人机能及时获取地面数字正射影像数据，捕获裸露地面的平面和高程，但是无法获取植被覆盖下的地表高程信息，因此，本文通过机载激光雷达获取植被覆盖下的LiDAR点云数据；将二者数据相结合，再通过EPS软件生成三维地表模型，可以快速获取任何测区地物和地形数据，不仅提高了工作效率，还降低了外业劳动强度。  相似文献